SharePoint 2013: You do not have an email address

Problem

You recently deployed User Profile Service application to your 2013 farm.  The service runs without issue.  User information appears in their My Sites.  However, when they attempt to configure alerts on lists or document libraries, they experience the following error message:

Troubleshooting

• Check repeatability: explore the issue further and find that you can't create alerts either; not even with your administrator account. 
• Determine scope: conduct inquiries among IT staff, you learn that staff are receiving email notifications from process workflows; and from your users you discover that they are receiving notifications when you grant them new permissions.  Therefore, you can logically conclude that the cause is not due to firewall or email server communication issues.
• Research indicators:  a standard search found a few references involving the error message, all of which seemed to indicate that the problem involved user profile service application configuration, specifically, appropriate mapping of the AD email field.
• Verify conclusion: perform ad-hoc search of user profiles to view random selection, and then check email address.  None indicated for any user.  Check email field mapping: currently set to default, or aCSPolicyName.

Solution

1. Launch Central Administration.
2. Go to: Application Management > Service Applications > Manage service applications > User Profile Service > Manage User Properties.
3. Scroll down to the Contact Information section and then look for Work email.
4. Hover the cursor over the Work email field, to expose the drop down, and then select Edit from this drop down.
5. Scroll down to the Property Mapping for Synchronization section.
6. Click the Remove button.
7. In the Add New Mapping section, select mail from the Attribute drop down.
8. Click the Add button.  A new entry will appear in the Property Mapping for Synchronization.
9. Click OK.
10. Go to: Go to: Application Management > Service Applications > Manage service applications > User Profile Service.
11. In the Synchronization section, click Start Profile Synchronization.
12. After this completes, wait an additional hour before engaging in any significant testing of alert creation.

References

1. email not working : The following users do not have e-mail addresses specified
2. SharePoint 2013 Alert Error: You do not have an email address
3. Error when you create an alert in Microsoft SharePoint Online in Office 365 for enterprises pre-upgrade: "You do not have an email address"
4. Configure alert settings for a Web application (SharePoint Server 2010)
5. Manage user profile synchronization in SharePoint Server 2013
6. Synchronize user and group profiles in SharePoint Server 2013
7. Timer job reference (SharePoint 2013)
8. Troubleshooting Steps for SharePoint Alert Email Does Not Go Out

Notes

• User email addresses will not be immediately available to the alert creation process after completion of the user profile synchronization.  This is because further internal process must be complete that update internal user profile tables with the new email data.  This internal process involves various User Profile Service jobs that may take some time to complete.  From my own experience, it took upwards of an hour before all users could successfully receive list and library alerts.